The
heater – it’s an element of the heating system for heating the room by
transferring heat energy from the heat carrier to the environment.
In simple words, this is the "battery that
warms" the air in the room.
In
the cycle of the heating system, the energy of the fuel (gas, electricity,
wood, briquettes, pellets, fuel oil, sun, etc.) passes from the heat source
(boiler, convector, etc.) to the medium that needs to be heated (air, floor,
walls, etc.). Energy passes the way - the installation that generates heat -
the network of distribution pipelines - the heater. The latter is one of the
most important elements of any heating system.
The
modern heating market offers many options for this product. To make the right
choice of the heater you need to understand and know their types and types.
There
are several classifications of heating devices.
By the method of heat transfer:
1. Radiators
2. Convectors
3. Combined
There
are two main processes of heat transfer based on which radiators are designed:
radiation and convection.
Radiation
of heat - electromagnetic radiation, which is created by the internal energy of
the body.
Convection
determines the form of heat exchange, in which streams and jets transfer
internal energy of the body (in Latin, «transference» sounds like convectio).
The simplest type is natural convection. It appears in matter spontaneously
when it’s heated unevenly in the gravitational field. Then the layers of matter
heat up get lighter and rise, and the streams that were on top, on the contrary,
are cooled, their weight increases, they move down. This is a recurring closed
loop.
Radiators
are a kind of heating devices in which the share of the heat flux by radiation
is 50% or more.
Convectors
- heating devices with a convection component of the heat flux of more than
75%.
Combined
heaters - units that transmit heat by convection from 50% to 75%.
Directly
answer the question: which kind is better? – it’s impossible. When choosing the
type of unit, it’s necessary to take into account the following points: heat
transfer, dimensions, availability of cleaning, type of heated space, height of
heated space, etc.
Classification
of heating appliances by material:
1. Metal
2. Non-metallic
3. Combined
The
most common material for the manufacture of heated appliances is metal. You can
find out about the types of metal devices in next article.
 |
| Steel panel radiatros |
Concrete panel heating panels (systems " underfloor heating" and "warm walls") are non-metallic heating appliances.
 |
| Underfloor system |
In
the design of combined heaters, concrete or ceramics are used as a
heat-conducting material. In their thickness, metal heating elements are laid.
Classification
of heating devices in terms of thermal inertia:
1. Small inertia
2. Large inertia
Heaters
with low thermal inertia have low weight and volume for the working medium.
They heat / cool very quickly. The heat transfer rate depends on the coolant
flow rate.
Another
type of device is more massive, containing a large amount of heat carrier: the
heat transfer varies relatively slowly.
Version
of the article in Russian here.
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