The
main material used for the manufacture of heating devices are metals.
The
history of metal heaters begins with radiators made of cast iron. The Russian
German Franz San Galli made this revolutionary invention. Year of invention
1855. "Hot box" (German heizkörper) - such an unpretentious name gave
the radiator its "parent". Since the beginning of the 20th century,
the production of cast iron heaters has become global.
In connection with the
development of technology and the invention of a circulating pump with a wet
rotor, there was a need for heaters with less thermal inertia, easier and
easier to manufacture. So in 1930, the Swiss-born Robert Zehnder, constructed
the Zehnder Charleston steel section unit.
 |
| Zehnder Charleston steel section radiator |
The
next step was the aluminum radiator. Invented in the 60s, it was a phenomenally
effective solution from the heat transfer side.
In
recent decades, many studies and experiments have been carried out. New kinds
of heating devices were invented. Below in the table are the main types that
are present on the Ukrainian market.
The
following requirements are put forward to modern heating appliances:
- Attractive
design;
- Low
thermal inertia;
- High
heat transfer;
- A
small volume of coolant;
- Light
weight.
In
the market of our country the most popular steel panel convectors, bimetallic
and aluminum sectional and cast iron radiators. Consider the advantages and
disadvantages of each type of instrument.
The
first type is cast iron radiators.
The
former "giant" of this industry is going through hard times. The
share of these devices is constantly decreasing. Although there was a new
direction - cast iron design radiators. Models of the old model (MS-140) are
very reliable and have a relatively low price. They are also
"time-tested". The operational period is 50 years.
 |
| Cost-iron design radiators |
However,
cast iron as a material has several "weak" sides:
- High
thermal inertness;
- Low
resistance to air and hydraulic shock;
- Difficulty
of installation;
- High
weight;
- Bulky
dimensions;
- A
huge displacement of the coolant (in comparison with bimetal radiators).
Steel
panel heaters.
Most
experts call them radiators, although in fact, they are convectors.
 |
| Steel panel convectors |
Modern
design and high efficiency at an affordable price - a real hit of the market.
Thanks to the following advantages are an ideal solution for autonomous heating
systems:
- Modern
and technological design;
- Low
thermal inertia;
- High
heat transfer;
- A
huge size series;
-
Wide range of colors;
-
Ease of installation;
- Special
models are allowed for installation in school and medical institutions.
The
only drawback is the limitation in their wide use - low corrosion resistance in
open heating systems.
Aluminum
sectional radiators.
Aluminum
is a good conductor of heat, because heaters made of it, have a good value of
the coefficient of thermal conductivity. Accordingly, such products have a high
heat transfer value. Like all sectional devices have a huge technological
advantage - the connectivity of sections between each other. Sections are typed
and they can really be interconnected in unlimited quantities. Mostly they come
from factories in assembled form for 10 sections. The disassembly / assembly
operation is relatively simple. For this, only special keys of several gaskets
are needed.
 |
| Aluminium heaters |
Advantages
of aluminum radiators:
- High
heat transfer;
- Low
thermal inertia;
- Low
weight;
- Aesthetic
appearance;
- Easy
to maintain and install.
However,
there are several requirements that must be met when operating this type of
unit.
- In
heating systems where aluminum appliances are installed, it is necessary to use
only a "clean" heat carrier, the required alkalinity, without air.
Otherwise, there is a possibility of hydrogen formation and corrosion;
- On
contact with copper, electrochemical corrosion may occur;
- Do
not exceed the maximum working pressure.
Bimetallic
sectional radiators.
This kind of heating devices is a harmonious
combination of two metals - aluminum and steel. Taking from each of them
special characteristics, the bimetal radiator is a unique high-performance
solution in the market of heating appliances. |
| Bimetal radiator section |
Inside
the section, there is a steel "core" - a horizontal channel with two
main manifolds at the ends. The thickness of this element is sufficient to
withstand the increased pressure load of the coolant. In addition, steel is not
whimsical about water quality. On top of the core fin is made of aluminum. The
main advantage of aluminum is heat transfer. That is the reliability and
stamina (from steel) in the radiator and the increased heat transfer and
lightness (from aluminum).
So,
as in aluminum radiators, the design of the section provides for the presence
of petals in the upper part. Their main function is bypassing the sill with a
thermal convection airflow from the radiator.
Thanks
to its innovation and thoughtfulness, this product has practically no flaws. To
some extent, it can be the corrosion of the inner steel core (in the presence
of air in the system, which is removed by means of air vent) and slightly more
expensive.
Among
the merits is the following points:
High
heat transfer;
- A
small volume of coolant (even less than aluminum);
-
Resistance to different quality heat carrier;
- Increased
working pressure;
- Low
thermal inertness;
- Modern
design.
So,
let's answer the question - which radiator is better? The ideal price / quality
option for self-contained (closed) heating systems is a panel radiator made of
steel.
For open central heating systems - bimetal radiator.
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